Introduction to Glandular Cystitis _The stubborn disease consulting and treatment

1. What is glandar cystitis?

Glandular cystitis is a medical term describing a metaplastic transformation of mucosal cells lining the urinary bladder. The main importance is in histopathology, distinguishing the metaplastic change from urothelial cell carcinoma. It is a very common finding in bladder biopsies and cystectomies, and most often found in the trigone area. glandular cystitis lesions are usually present as small microscopic foci; however, occasionally it can form raised intramucosal or polypoid lesions. The glandular cystitis lesions are within the submucosa.

2. Types of glandular cystitis

There are two main types glandular cystitis , including a non-mucinous and mucinous (intestinal) type. The difference is in the metaplastic cells production of mucin, a normal feature of colonic and intestinal epithelial cells but not of urothelial cells. Another distinction is made between focal areas and diffuse involvement of the bladder. Whereas focal areas are more common, diffuse involvement is seen in chronically irritated bladders, such as in paraplegics or those with bladder stones or indwelling catheters. Individuals with diffuse intestinal-type glandular cystitis are at increased risk for developing bladder cancer.

3. Related lesions from glandular cystitis

Glandular cystitis arises from and merges with Von Brunn's nests, which are groups of urothelial cells within the lamina propria and submucosa, formed from budding from the surface mucosa. They are considered normal. Cystitis cystica is a similar lesion to glandular cystitis, where the central area of the Von Brunn's nests have degenerated, leaving cystic lesions. Other metaplastic entities in the urinary bladder include squamous metaplasia and nephrogenic adenoma.

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