Chemical cystitis: Intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide enable the metabolites of drug to form in the liver and then discharged from the bladder ,which stimulate the bladder mucosa and cause severe bladder inflammation. Then ulceration in the epithelium of bladder is happening. The expansion of capillaries in the lamina propria consists in bleeding. If seriously, it makes a bladder submucosa and muscle fiber change ,and induced bladder contracture and vesicoureteral reflux. This cystitis treatments are difficult and sometimes must use bladder expansion surgery and ureteral reimplantation surgery.
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